Coyote and Geronimo Accounts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coyote and Geronimo Accounts - Essay Example Coyote caused the buffalo to result in a stampede and escaped via rear fence to his people’s advantage (Welker). Conversely, Geronimo was a peaceful Indian prior Mexican soldier invaded their camp while they had traveled to trade in the Old Mexico. They terminated their people were among them was his family and a mother beside looting. This brewed hatred that prompted him to take revenge against his adversaries, for almost a decade. Protagonists Coyote and Geronimo despite emanating from different accounts bear comparable traits that are evident in their unfolding events. Coyote and Geronimo depict determination that is evident in their actions. Coyote after summoning the people and brainstorming how they will attain the buffalo, he volunteers to undertake the mission but fails on the initial occasion. This did not demoralize him where he tried the second instance as a dog and succeeded in  accessing the homestead to chase the buffalo out. Similarly, Geronimo’s determination is evident when after finding that Mexican soldiers have terminated his family, he joined Apache and led his followers to avenge themselves on Mexicans (Native American Legends). Coyote and Geronimo, their heroic actions illustrate strong leadership skills. Coyote summoned his followers after fours days to brainstorm how to get the buffalo from Humpback. The followers lacked any idea, but he devised excellent tactics as a leader, which he contemplated would be successful and even choosing to undertake it. Likewise, Geronimo due to the hatred that resulted from having his family and people terminated, choose to spur hundreds of Apaches for revenge (Cantley 54). Coyote in his actions depicted trickery, contrary to his counterpart Geronimo in his mission.  

Tourism and Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism and Economy - Essay Example However, domestic travel has been on the decline not just in Australia but the same trend persists in other countries such as the UK and New Zealand. Travel agents associate the decline in domestic tourism to the growth in the low-cost carriers (LCC) and also forecast that carriers such as Tiger Airways and Air Asia X would slowly kill domestic tourism. However, this may be just one of the factors responsible for the decline in domestic tourism. In fact, the LCC may also contribute to the economy by bringing tourists from overseas, thereby increasing the inbound tourists to Australia. Despite the global economic slowdown during the year ended September 2011 domestic tourism received a boost due to the strong mining sector, recovery efforts following the east-coast floods and stronger business confidence (Domestic Tourism Snapshot, 2011). The graph below confirms that there has not been a significant fall in domestic tourism over the decade. According to this report interstate holidays and visiting friends and relatives increased during this period but the focus was on short holidays. Not a significant growth in the domestic sector has been forecast but the reasons are more economic and not connected to low cost air travel. Source: Domestic Tourism Snapshot, 2011 However, some decline in domestic tourism has taken place. The reasons for the decline in domestic tourism have been associated with several factors. Outbound visitor nights have increased while there has been a fall in domestic weekend trips. Since 2004/05 a smaller portion of household consumption is bei ng allocated for tourism activity (Tourism Research Australia, 2007). The same trend was observed about 15 years ago when outbound travel grew by 6% while domestic travel increased by only about 1 percent per year. Therefore, the current decline in domestic tourism is not a new phenomenon. The driving factor for decline in domestic tourism in UK and New Zealand has also been associated with cheaper fares on short-haul flights. In the case of New Zealand the strength of the national currency has increased competitiveness for overseas holidays. In Australia consumer behavior and the attitude towards holidays has changed. Social, cultural and technological changes have resulted in lower tolerance (Tourism Research Australia, 2007). Australians prefer to spend their time and income on what makes them feel better now instead of deferring their holiday and obtaining gratification later. Domestic tourism has long lead times and lack of tangibility which places it a disadvantage compared to overseas holidays. It is intangible because of lack of communication and proper information. People want to experience their holiday and use it to learn through interactions. Domestic tourism in Australia is unable to fulfill the demands of the consumers who seek newer pastures. This has prompted the domestic tourists towards outbound tourism. Other factors include rising incomes and access to a range of destinations (TRA, 2011). Information and communication at the domestic level is lacking and none is willing to take responsibility. The drivers of domestic tourism are income and price while the drivers of outbound tourism are airfares and air capacity (TRA, 2011). As social and cultural changes have taken place, and as the dollar has become stronger, consumers find overseas travel much cheaper. The demand for outbound tourism has further been increased as cheap airfares and holiday packages are available. However, it is not just the costs but the excitement to experience somethin g different and to engage in activities and

The problems autistic children face in mainstream schools

The problems autistic children face in mainstream schools Autism is a disorder with the brain which affects the learning developmental process of a person. It is a nuerodevelopmental disorder condition that affects the functioning of the brain as stated by the American Psychiatric Association (in Mulligan, Steel, Macculloch Nicholas, 2010 p.114). This can affect a persons social interaction and communication ability to a point where they are deemed unsuited to work in a mainstream environment. Symptoms of Autism can be discovered from a very young age. Autism can be diagnosed according to an autistic spectrum which determines the severity of the persons condition. This includes a list of disorders ranging from mild to major. The Autistic Society categorises Autism into three different types of disability (Batten, Corbett, Rosenblatt, Withers Yuille, 2006). One type is a very limited range of thought and behaviour with very limited scope for imagination where the individual may carry out repetitive or ritual-like actions which become a way of life. This may include focusing on minor details rather than focusing on the main object. For example the individual might focus on a piece of clothing rather than focus on the person wearing it or focusing on a particular part of an object rather than the whole object. Another characteristic is limited verbal and non-verbal communication with very impaired two-way conversational skills. An autistic person may also fail to understand another persons emotions, gestures, or way of thinking and will treat these differences as alien compared to their own character. This may also lead to over-literalness when interpreting something. The final category is a difficulty with social relationships, with an expression of solitude and detachment from reality. I aim to try and find out if and why it is difficult for children, suffering from autism, to study within in a mainstream environment. I have wondered whether children with autism are able to enter mainstream education with their handicaps. One has to take into account the comfort zone of the child, how the child is able to cope socially with his surroundings and their ability to cope with peer pressure or bullying. The symptoms of autism are such that it has great effects on how children with autism learn. Each individual will have their own reaction to the learning they are exposed to. Therefore it is necessary that schools take time to accommodate those with disadvantages such as autism and manage each childs necessities. Even if schools and classes for children with autism have managed to devise a particular method of teaching specifically implemented to complement the childrens autism, it may not be as easy to achieve in classes where there is only one child with autism or in classes that also include children with a range of different disabilities (not just mental). Without mainstream education, does this mean that children with autism are doomed to never be able to attain a high-position job in the future? I shall start by analysing from the point of view from teachers about possible mainstream education from a research carried out by Helps, Newsom-Davis Callias (1999). They make a point in highlighting the increasing significance of the teachers role in helping children to learn. They mention that teachers work very closely with children and also work under ever-changing conditions; different children each year and the problems they individually or collectively pose. They highlight the importance of the teachers ability to enrich their social and communication skills. An early intervention into the education of a child who suffers from autism is best in order for their benefit. Most importantly, they highlight an integrated education in autism (Helps, Newsom-Davis Callias, 1999 p.288). Riddel and Brown (in Helps, Newsom-Davis Callias, 1999 p.288) states that there are increasing cases of children with autism undertaking education in a mainstream environment. It is not sufficient enough to rely on the skills of a good teacher alone, but some prior and extensive knowledge and preparation should be undertaken in order to deal with autism. Powell and Jordan (in Helps, Newsom-Davis Callias, 1999 p.288) also state that the normal intuitions of good teachers are likely to mislead when applied to autism. This implies that normal methods of teaching cannot be applied in the same way and have the same effect it would over normal children. They supplement the argument that specific knowledge of the range of disabilities is crucial in achieving the best out of education for those with autism (p.289). The research itself was conducted in order to find out what the teachers perceptions of autism were and what training they had received and how it was being applied in the appropriate setting. It turned out that 70% of mainstream teachers that had been researched had experiences of handling children with autism. Amazingly 5% of the 70% had any sort of specific training to deal with children with autism (p.290-291). The research came to the conclusion that the majority of the teaching staff did not have a strong understanding or knowledge of the basic theoretical understanding of autism. Many remained unaware of the bigger implications of the condition and many believed in outdated beliefs that were either inaccurate or very superficial. I believe that this inadequate understanding and lack of attention to children with autism makes it extremely challenging for these children to have any chance of an equal footing with normal children in the mainstream environment. Although it should be noted that the survey research sample was only a handful of schools and teaching institutions in England, this cannot possibly labelled as a research to represent the whole of England. The research itself was published in 1999 and with modernisation of technology and evolution in society; a change in these statistics is possible. But based on these results, those with autism face a challenge integrating themselves mainly due to lack of awareness on the teachers behalf and this problem must be rectified. These days there is a growing demand for special assistance for those with special needs in education. A BBC article about this issue highlighted the fact that a couple of decades ago, those in mainstream schools would consider a child with special needs as an alien subject as placing special needs children into mainstream education was not common in the past (BBC Website, 2006). However these days, integration of children with physical and learning difficulties into mainstream schools has started increasing with more awareness towards their difficulties. The BBC also goes onto mention that many special needs schools were gradually closed down in the 1980s, in order to promote integrated education amongst children with special needs or those without any. Yet the report also goes on to question whether integration is such a good idea for autistic children. According to opinions of parents with autistic children collected by the National Autistic Society, one third of the parents would favour their children being educated in mainstream education, one third would prefer their children to attend a special needs school where they could receive sole attention and the remaining third preferred a mix between the two situations. According to the National Autistic Society, within a research compiled by Barten, Corbett, Roseblatt, Wither Yullie, parents now want a range of provision including mainstream schools with more emphasis in resources and more schools which cater especially for special needs (Barten, Corbett, Roseblatt, Wither Yullie, 2006, p.3). The report discusses whether parents had a choice whether they sent their children to mainstream or special schools. Over half of the parents who were surveyed by the National Autistic Society stated that they were not given a choice. 33% of parents felt that they were given an opportunity to choose for their children to be in mainstream schools. 59% felt that that once they their children had reached secondary school, their options of choosing school became a lot narrower. They suggest that help for children diagnosed with levels of autism at a secondary school level is lacking. Race and ethnicity apparently plays a role in having a choice or not. Races bar white British families were less likely to have a choice in choosing schools which suggests unfair discrimination. Half of the parents in the survey felt that they were not satisfied with the schools their children were enrolled in. The majority of parents stated that they felt autism-specific special schools were the most beneficial for their children. 43% of parents whose children were in mainstream schools thought that an autism-specific special school would better support their child. The report highlights examples with quotes from various parents including Mainstream school dismissed any intention of educating my son when they discovered he had autism (Batten, Corbett, Rosenblatt, Withers Yuille, 2006, p.9). The article also defines the word inclusion not merely just the act of placing an autistic child within a mainstream environment but also it is about making appropriate provision to meet each childs needs and reasonable adjustments to enable each child to access the whole life of the school (Batten, Corbett, Rosenblatt, Withers Yuille, 2006, p.4). A child with autism is not necessarily a child without some kind of talent. A child with autism can suddenly excel in a discipline or have talent to make up for its disadvantages. A school must identify the individual needs that should lay a marker for identifying what type of school they should attend and the support they will need to receive in order to complete their education. The theory of inclusion according to Harmon Jones (2005 p187), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. when special education students are included in the regular classrooms, they have greater achievement, better self concepts, and more appropriate social skills than those special education students who are plac ed together in one classroom. Another example of the encouragement for mainstream education is highlighted with Rogers report (2004) where she highlights a school in Japan, the Boston Massachusetts Higashi School, which takes in only children with learning difficulties. They have come up with a curriculum with a teacher delivery that is based upon the common age rather than by developmental level (2004, p.49). This shows that mainstream methods have spread across the world. In a journal report by Philip Whitaker (2007), he conducts a research experiment using surveys for parents asking for their opinions on their satisfaction of their childrens education. The majority of the children and young people in the research were educated in mainstream schools and had not been to special needs schools to receive supplementary help. Less than half the parents who were given the questionnaire returned with responses. This was very similar to the response rate of parents whose children were catered for in special schools. The outcome showed that more than half of the participants were either satisfied or very satisfied with the educational support their children receive (Whitaker, 2007, p.173-174). However the report also notes the possible problems that could distort the research findings. For example, the parents may not have the experience to judge whether the education and autistic resources are being beneficial towards their children. The parents who described themselves as dissatisfied appear to have concerns regarding many aspects of the provision made for their children as well as concerns relating to their childrens experiences and progress (p.174). The most common response was that of disagreement by parents. All but one of the rating items recorded only a very modest measure of agreement with the item referring to their relationship with the school in the results. Parents placed particular importance in gradual confidence in social skills, a clear understanding between teacher and child, and a broad capacity to enable to handle all types of children behaviour, a decent structure for children to be able to follow and to ensure that the child is happy within the study environment. Later in the report, it states that parents were worried overall about their childrens social experiences at school. Across all respondents, only half of all children and young people were said to have friends and only one in five of the parents felt that t heir children were accepted by their fellow peers (p.175). Issues during recess or break times seemed to be a particular issue for parents with 70% of them indicating this was a cause for concern. One in ten parents spontaneously mentioned bullying in their response to the open-ended questions and this was an issue that aroused understandably strong feelings. In this context it is perhaps not surprising that their childrens happiness was such a prominent issue for so many of the parents. Comparing these statistics with the idea of inclusion, it appears that a potential barrier that could prevent children from integrating themselves is an unfriendly environment. A developed understanding with the teachers was also considered important in order to maintain the best results from education. However Whitakers report placed more importance on the social aspect and surroundings unlike previous examples which placed importance on the increasing role of the teacher. Another report by Humphrey (2008) states that research indicates that students with an autistic handicap are more susceptible to bullying at school. Furthermore, students with autism are more than 20 times more likely to be excluded from school than those without special educational needs (Humphrey, 2008 p.24). Children with autism constantly have to fight stereotypes and unfair treatment simply because they are not normal. Humphreys report seems to ally itself with Whitakers point of view in that the social aspect is the most crucial in determining whether an autistic child settles or not. Singer (in Humphrey, 2008 p.32) argues the autistic spectrum is often associated in the public mind with images of rocking, emotionally cut-off, intellectually impaired children and RainMan-like savants. The relationships students with autism have with their peers could be both a barrier and an enabler to their successful inclusion in school. In a recent study according to the report, nearly all s tudents reported being bullied at different levels of severity and frequency. Humphreys research includes a dialogue during an interview with a student in which the student was reported to say: People in my class know about my autism at school thats why they likely pick on me. If incidents of name-calling and physical violence were one-off events, then they might not be considered unusual. Chan and Smith (in Humphrey, 2008) suggest that many students will experience either petty name-calling or physical violence or in worse case scenarios both at some point during their schooling. Subsequently bullying and aggression towards these students turned out with more frequency than anticipated. This can lead to the unfortunate scenario of social exclusion. This can lead to a serious problem when an autistic childs behaviour impacts upon another child, such as irritation from the childs constant talking and consequently disrupts the learning environment which creates more unnecessary pressu re for teachers and therefore the inclusion technique fails. It appears to be necessary to create a friendly atmosphere and somehow integrate these children together in a positive manner and avoid conflicts or ostracizing. I shall now try to expand on the idea of inclusion of autistic children together into mainstream schools. An inclusive education brings all children together without highlighting differences. Those with disabilities will be grouped with normal children and be educated together. A research undertaken (in Reed, Osborne Waddington, 2009) observed the performance rate of children with autism in mainstream settings and to determine their performances within the education system. The abstract reveals that there was actually no significance whether students were enrolled in mainstream or special needs schools (Reed et al. 2009 p.1), although special schools did emphasise the importance of social and emotional behaviours. Although they note the upcoming progress of the inclusion process of children of all abilities, they question whether the actual inclusion policy will end up being beneficial to the students on a whole (p.4-5). Harris and Handleman (in Reed et al. 2009 p.5) suggested that the social behaviour aspect may have more bearing in the investigation than the academic performances to achieve the most ideal inclusive settings. After concluding their research, the report discusses the potential difference between mainstream and special schools. It revealed that special schools made a stronger impression in aiming to improve social and behavioural aspects of the children. Although they hint that the results are not very strong indicators to advocate for a strong conclusion, they suggest that children are probably going to benefit more emotionally and socially by going to a special school (p.12). Judging by this mini conclusion, I believe that the social integration is the biggest issue into helping a child settle. This report appears to suggest that children are going to benefit less by going to a mainstream school as they appear to have less focus on trying to improve a child emotionally and socially. Yet the report also explores other possibilities such as the provisions children receive at school and the parents influence. Humphrey Lewis (2008) compiled a report on the actual experiences of students, who have autism, who attended mainstream secondary schools. They reveal that there is a significant impetus to have more students who require special needs attention integrated into mainstream schools. They give two reasons as to why this sudden increase in integration is the case. First, Farrell and Ainscow reveal (in Humphrey Lewis, 2008) that there is growing momentum for mainstream inclusion for children and adolescents with special needs (p.23-24). The second is provided by Connor (in Humphrey Lewis, 2008) who states that with the current increasing realisation that by grouping children who have autism together into one class may not be the most beneficial for the children. They analysed 20 students across 4 secondary schools in the North-West of England through interviews. Teachers, Assistants, Parents and classroom/break time observations were also used in the investigation. The listed objectives included: exploring the perspectives of some autistic students within a mainstream environment, to log everyday experiences of the students, to identify their immersion into a school culture to see if it is being beneficial or hindering to a student. A total of 20 students with Autism (age ranging from 11-17 years old) participated in the study. The student sample was taken from the four chosen mainstream secondary schools from the North-Western region of England. As standard procedures, consent needed to be granted by each schools management consultants including written consents from each students parents accepting the purpose of the research. Then to question the students, the team of researchers would be accompanied by a member of staff (a person whom the student will have most likely studied under or whom would recognise). During the research they introduced diaries for students to keep record of their experiences; this was seen as a useful way of getting information which wo uld have otherwise might have been extremely difficult to get hold of, a way to avoid potentially embarrassing or pressuring the students into forcing out their emotions. The diary method can gain access to personal and intimate thoughts that may not emerge in an interview context. However, if this method of using diaries were to become an actual part of the curriculum, I would suspect that some of the children would have no interest in using it independently and will rather rely on instruction to use it. Nevertheless, the diaries provide a less intrusive alternative to performing a series of interviews that would still produce rich and meaningful data as the individual is under no pressure and can fill out the diary in their own way and time (Humphrey Lewis, 2008 p.27). Ethical considerations were observed for the study. The results were separated into different analytical themes. The first topic to appear was the concept of what autism meant to the individual. The responses were negative and the individuals responded with responses such as Oh my God Im a freak, one particular response from a student after being told that he had Aspergers Syndrome (p.31). It is believed that the students formulated their own view of themselves and how they deal with Autism through the feedback they receive from others. One student recounts of his frustrations that staff at his school had been notified of his Aspergers syndrome which prompted an uncomfortable and embarrassed response: Id prefer they didnt know because everyone treats me differently and I dont like being treated differently (p.31). An interesting contrast to the previous response was seen in a subset of students for whom their Autism was simply a part of their own identity. They had grown to accept and even be proud of their differences. As one student commented, Sometimes I think I am normal, Im treating this autism very well. Im top of the class and doing very well and Ive got a good future ahead of me and Ive got a vocabulary, Ive got very good friends (p.32). The mention of friends shows how far this particular student has come to overcome differences and integrate himself into the mainstream environment and make a social connection. Another set of results concentrated on the particular traits of Autism and how it was reacted to within the classroom at school. One example shows a student gaining confidence due to his particular strong and precise interest in certain elements of sporting talents, with his classmates asking him questions on how he is able to maintain strong interest on such a topic. Unfortunately aside from curiosity, it also inevitably leads to incidents of bullying due to the social naivety of the autistic students, making them very vulnerable targets (p.33). An example shows how a student took a joke literally and frustrated the individual who started the joke who resorted to verbal bullying which in turn upset the student who had been the original victim of the bullying. A students relationship with his/her classmates proved to be a make-or-break factor in his/her attempt to integrate into the school community. Nearly all of the autistic children were victims of bullying and teasing which can h ave a drastic effect on the childrens moral and overall satisfaction of being at school. Samples of diary entries revealed that bullying occurred often. Inevitably those with special needs are most likely to be targeted by bullies simply because they are different. Depending on the individual, he or she may not possess the character or resilience to shrug off or confront the bullying. However there were instances where it would be counteracted by support from (and often enduring friendships with) fellow peers. There are examples of students who have expressed their feelings through crude drawings (p.36). Undoubtedly this type of situation will lower any students self-esteem and confidence, let alone students with special needs. The report goes onto talk about the levels of anxiety and stress in school. The school environment itself was a considerable source of anxiety. Students thrived off order and predictability which composed their everyday school life, implying any kind of chang e to a routine would throw off the students and potentially bring about a negative reaction. This also possibly shows that these children crave structure or something to follow, especially during the younger years. There were some who were able to deal with distractions but for others, it was not as easy to ignore and they felt upset and could not concentrate and therefore could not progress. Finally the theme of working in conjunction with the teachers also came up in the report. Students reacted differently once again to teachers assistance. Most welcomed that there was somebody looking out for them, reassured to know that they could turn to someone for help. However, students also felt pressure due to the lack of discretion from teachers. It was obvious for everyone to see that they were receiving extra support which only served to highlight further the differences between themselves and their peers. This made them more uncomfortable and resentful to the fact that this difference in ability was exposed. The presence of a teacher only helped to impede their attempts to integrate and make friends in the classroom. It seems apparent that a teachers understanding is important, as highlighted earlier in the essay. The teacher must also have confidence in dealing with children. A lack of understanding of individual students needs resulted in the teachers, in this report, dep ending on assistant staff members to prepare work for a student. The final key theme to emerge from the study was how the way in which students with autism attempt to understand and assimilate themselves successfully into the mainstream school environment, set against contexts in which they feel both very different from others but also the same, and experience both acceptance and rejection. In conclusion the argument that autism poses within an educational setting will be inevitably different for every child. Some children are capable of handling general education classes with assistance, while others would possibly benefit better from a self-contained classroom where they are not mixed with mainstream. Students were experiencing adaptations to common ways of working and interacting that seemed to lead to a more positive experience of schooling. It is important to acknowledge though that whilst useful, the childrens views and experiences themselves are a part (albeit a significant one) of a larger picture, and any full account of the inclusion process must also be explored deeper. It is a mistake to assume that because a student with an autistic disability is still academically able, he or she should be able to cope in mainstream school. On the contrary, as demonstrated in the current research, difficulties in social communication and interaction experienced by such stu dents are likely to increase their exposure and vulnerability to bullying and social isolation which can lead to depression and feelings of not belonging. These are one of the most obvious reasons why autistic children have to overcome so much. Having teachers that are aware and are able to integrate the children with autism has a huge bearing on whether the children are able to settle themselves amongst their peers. The parents must also be vigilant in order to choose the correct schools and to also detect when their child is unhappy and is not benefiting from the learning environment. Family influence counts a lot when it comes down to children. Regardless of the type of school they attend, those with Aspergers syndrome must be taught in an environment that understands and caters for autistic children. It requires schools to be responsive to the needs of individual children by teachers and also provide support to staff that should have ideally some sufficient background and traini ng in identifying the different aspects of autism and how to respond to given situations. Although many of these research articles claimed that their survey samples were too small to be considered a nationwide survey, the recurring themes help to certainly give an idea of the possible reasons of difficulty autistic children face when placed in a mainstream education. Word Count: 4482

The Earth’s Nuclear Core Essay -- Easrth Geology Geological Essays

The Earth’s Nuclear Core The Earth’s core is like a massive nuclear reactor, burning uranium into lighter elements, and producing much of the geological phenomenon observed on the Earth. This fission reactor is responsible for producing most of the Earth’s heat and energy, as well as, the phenomenon of geomagnetism. There is substantial reason to believe that the center of the Earth is a massive nuclear reactor derived from empirical data observed in the earth, and logical evidence to prove that the theory is true. The theory started when geologists in the fifties began whether natural occurring nuclear fission was possible. Eventually, empirical evidence presented itself. In 1972 at the Oklo uranium mine in western Africa, a natural nuclear fission reactor was discovered deep within the earth. The discovery provided an answer to the possibility of naturally occurring nuclear fission in the earth. Based on this discovery and other logical observations, the geophysicist, J. Marvin Herndon, proposed his theory in 1972, of massive planetary nuclear reactors. Recently Herndon proposed his newest theory. The theory is that the Earth has an estimated, five mile diameter, nuclear fission reactor in it’s core. This theory contradicts many traditional theories of geophysics, but is not with out ample evidence and reason to testify to it’s likely hood. Herndon, explains the conditions that must be present for a natural fission process to occur. The process of fission is the simply put, the breaking apart of heavy atoms to create lighter more stable atoms. Most elements try to become more stable through the processes of fusion or fission. These elements will generally form into a noble gas, those elements in ... ...m is that nobody has been able to disprove this theory. The founder of the theory, J. M. Herndon says, â€Å"I wish someone would respond, tell me that the science is wrong, but I just get nothing.† This says a great deal about the validity of these arguments. Anyone who would disagree would simply be ignoring the plethora of evidence stacked against other arguments. With so much evidence, and an apparent lack of serious opposition, it is difficult for any reasonable person to disagree with the idea of nuclear fission at the core of the Earth. This theory explains many phenomenon as well as answers old questions about the Earth. It should be understood that this theory is feasible and logical. So much evidence is certainly too convincing to ignore, and ignoring such an amount of evidence would be entirely foolish, for a scientist, institution, or any other person.

A Funny Thing Happened On The Way To The Forum Essay

Throughout this play we follow along with a group of people from Roman times. Its the culmination of a bunch of events happening on just one street with three houses shown. the play’s primary objective is that of a comedy, therefore to tell the story with true hilarity. Many of the characters in this play had objectives. Pseudolus is a Slave and his main objective was to obtain freedom. Hero has an objective of getting the love of his life, a beautiful courtesan from next door. Philia is the courtesan that Hero has his heart set out for. Miles Gloriosus is a decorated captain and is looking for a virgin to lay. Tactics are used throughout by all characters in order to try and get what they want. Pseudolus tries in the beginning to gain his freedom through purchase from his masters so he heads out and tricks citizens into gambling with him and gets money, but then gets caught cheating and has to return the money to the guy who he had dooped. Hero’s tactic to get to his objective had him offer Pseudolus his freedom in return for getting him the love of his life. Pseudolus’ tactic was to accept the offer given to him by Hero. There were many actions throughout the play for each character to try and achieve their objective. In â€Å"A Funny thing Happened On The Way To The Forum† behavior set the tone for the entire play. Whether it was just to make a laugh or to advance the story forward. For example how each character carried themselves helped with the story plot and how you perceive the role and place of each character. It showed through Domina throughout the play. She spoke loud and condescendingly throughout the play to show that she was an old, heartless, bitch that was disliked by all. Hysterium’s behavior was that of being insecure and a frantic mess who tried to please everyone. It was shown through his singing, shaking when talked to, and playing along with Pseudolus, even though through blackmail. What i liked best in this play was that it was a comedy. Personally i like to laugh, i feel like that is the best. The physical humor was a little  overdone but you always get a laugh from weeing peple throw themselves to the floor. It was enjoyable as well during the courtesan scene with presenting the people of the Lycus dwelling. What i did not appreciate in this play was the musical numbers. i have never been much of a fan of seeing actors sing and singing along with the orchestra kinda music was never for me. The other elements of the stage had a good amount to do with the story telling. They worked hard on a set that gave a small effort to make you feel that you were in the time. Was very well lit the entire time and lighting not once changed even though they tried with the change of coloring to the light with not much avail. Props looked cheap and unreal such as the ladder taped up with sports tape, and an awful table that was used during the courtesan presentation and hysteriums’ funeral. They tried so that was okay. The music was light and funny except when Gloriosus was around. I got what they were going for with costumes it was a good effort to fit the time period when they wanted to and dress up people funny for comedies sake.

Problems Facing India Today – Overpopulation, Illiteracy, Corruption

India is one of the poorest countries in the world. The poverty in India isn't just psycological poverty. The poverty in India isn't just emotional poverty. The poverty in India isn't just social poverty. The poverty in India isn't just religious and cultural poverty. The poverty in India is an absolute poverty. The poverty in India involves poverty in every aspect of life. We all knew India is a very poor country although not so many of us knew how extreme the poverty level was in India. Now it is very clear how extreme poverty is in India. Now it is very clear how poor some Indians are. Now it is very clear how people continue to die from absolute poverty and hunger in India despite numerous efforts to help fight poverty in the world. A new multidimensional poverty Index shows that India is far poorer than Africa in both intensity and in number. The Multidimensional Poverty Index developed by Oxford University (which will appear in the upcoming UNDP human development report) shows that India is far poorer than Africa not just in number but also in intensity. The new poverty measure shows that 8 states out of the 29 states in India have more poor people than 26 poorest African countries combined. The Multidimensional poverty index views poverty from several different angles instead of just GDP figures. India like any other developing country is crippled by so many problems. For example, India's population growth rate is increasing by the day putting pressure on the limited resources and leaving many Indians in absolute poverty. India is very poor in terms of education, in terms of economic improvement, infrastructure, heath care, etc. Here are some of the problems facing India today. In today's India, there is nothing but: 1. HIGH INFLATION RATES. Fueled by rising wages, property prices and food prices inflation in India is an increasing problem. Inflation is currently between 6-7%. A record 98% of Indian firms report operating close to full capacity (2)With economic growth of 9. 2% per anum inflationary pressures are likely to increase, especially with supply side constraints such as infrastructure. The wholesale-price index (WPI), rose to an annual 6. 6% in January 2007 (1) 2. POOR GIRL CHILD EDUCATION Although India has benefited from a high % of English speakers. (important for call centre industry) there is still high levels of illiteracy amongst the population. It is worse in rural areas and amongst women. Over 50% of Indian women are illiterates 3. POOR INFRASTRUCTURE Many Indians lack basic amenities lack access to running water. Indian public services are creaking under the strain of bureaucracy and inefficiency. Over 40% of Indian fruit rots before it reaches the market; this is one example of the supply constraints and inefficiency’s facing the Indian economy. 4. BALANCE OF PAYMENT DETERIORATION Although India has built up large amounts of foreign currency reserves the current account deficit has deteriorate in recent months. This deterioration is a result of the overheating of the economy. Aggregate Supply cannot meet Aggregate demand so consumers are sucking in imports. Excluding workers remittances India’s current account deficit is approaching 5% of GDP . HIGH LEVELS OF DEBTS Buoyed by a property boom the amount of lending in India has grown by 30% in the past year. However there are concerns about the risk of such loans. If they are dependent on rising property prices it could be problematic. Furthermore if inflation increases further it may force the RBI to increase interest rates. If interest rates rise substantially it will leave those indebted facing rising interest p ayments and potentially reducing consumer spending in the future 6. INEQUALITY HAS RISEN It is hoped that economic growth would help drag the Indian poor above the poverty line. However so far economic growth has been highly uneven benefiting the skilled and wealthy disproportionately. Many of India’s rural poor are yet to receive any tangible benefit from the India’s economic growth. More than 78 million homes do not have electricity. 33% (268million) of the population live on less than $1 per day. Furthermore with the spread of television in Indian villages the poor are increasingly aware of the disparity between rich and poor. . LARGE BUDGET DEFICIT. India has one of the largest budget deficits in the developing world. Excluding subsidies it amounts to nearly 8% of GDP. Although it is fallen a little in the past year. It still allows little scope for increasing investment in public services like health and education. 8. RIGID LABOR LAWS As an example Firms employing more than 100 people cannot fire workers without government permission. The effect of thi s is to discourage firms from expanding to over 100 people. It also discourages foreign investment. Trades Unions have an important political power base and governments often shy away from tackling potentially politically sensitive labor laws. These are just a few of the problems facing India today. Life in India is nothing but absolute poverty with little hope of survival in the near future. Good education is the key to economic improvement yet India is lacking this essential key in terms of education and hence in terms of economic improvement. what do you think? what are some of the problems facing India today? How can India overcome some of these problems? Who is responsible and who is to be blamed?

Induction essays

Induction essays Induction is reasoning from a small set of examples to a general conclusion about all similar examples. For instance, we believe that the sun will rise tomorrow based on countless days of experience. Of particular importance to us is drawing conclusions about the future on the basis of past or present experience. Hume says that all such reasoning works only if things go on as they have before. Only if past experience is a reliable guide to future experience. Without this assumption, the reasoning is unjustified. So, how do we know the future will be like the past. Deduction wont work because it is not a contradiction to assume that the future will change. Hume says that just because the future has resembled the past in the past, it doesnt follow that it will resemble the past from now on. If one assumes this, they are arguing in a circle. Induction may be justified by saying that the past or present cause the future. If we know the cause, which is the past or present , then we know the effect, which is the future. However, Hume says that you only have the idea of causation because, in the past, you have seen things go together all the time. Therefore, the concept of causation is based on past experience. To assume that causation will continue as it has is to assume the future will be like the past. This is circular reasoning. According to Hume the attempts to answer the problem of induction cannot succeed. Contemporary science is very successful. Its success is based on discovering exception less laws of nature. So, we are justified in concluding that nature follows exception less laws. However, Hume believes that this is still circular reasoning because laws have been exception less up until now so how do we know that will continue. The more we notice a uniformity, that is we see two things together, the more probable that they will appear together next time. The problem with this, according to H...

Exercises

Exercises er Canstar Cannex, Joshua Zenas, says a car purchase isn't regarded as good debt because the borrowing isn't for something that will appreciate in value (Parker, 2010). It may thus be wise to avoid or minimize borrowing money to purchase a car. Obringer suggests the following sources of finance: dealership, bank or credit union, online financial institution, home equity loan, family member or friend (Obringer, 2013). Exercise 4: Explain how the European Commission, European governments and the ECB have responded to the sovereign debt crisis affecting Euro-based economies? The European Commission has created guides with regards to aiding European countries who urgently need help. The Commissions focus is on responding to peoples needs, targeting those in real need and improving peoples integration into society (A stronger safety net for those in need, 2013). On the other hand, European governments, led by the European Union, have reportedly been concentrating on the bailing out of the countries with struggling economies such as Greece, Ireland and Portugal. These countries were granted billions of Euros of loans to help bring back their economies to stability. The European Central Bank, led by its president Mario Draghi, has declared to grant loans with the lowest interest rates to European nations (Kenny, 2013). Exercise 5: The Closed Fund is a closed-end investment fund company with an investment portfolio company currently worth $200m. It has liabilities of $30 million and 5 million shares outstanding. What is the NAV of the fund? If the fund sells at $36 per share, what is the premium/ discount as a percentage of the NAV? Net Asset Value is equal to the sum of market value of all the securities and cash and equivalent holdings, less the fund liabilities, divided by the total outstanding fund shares. Using the formula, the NAV for the fund would be $34, given that the company is worth $200 million with liabilities of $30 million and 5 million in shares. If the fund sells at $36 per share, then the premium/discount as a percentage of the NAV is 5.56%. Exercise 6: Consider a mutual fund with $200 million in assets and 10 million shares outstanding at the start of the year. The fund invests in a portfolio of stocks which provides a dividend income at the end of the year of $2 million. The stocks included in the portfolio increase in price by 18% during the year, but no securities are sold and there is no capital distribution. The fund charges management fees of 1% based on the year end portfolio asset value. What is the NAV at the start and the end of the year? What is the rate of return for the investor? The Net Asset Value at the beginning of the year is equal to $200 million in assets, less than liabilities, divided by 10 million shares. Since there was no value for the liabilities mentioned, the NAV then is $20 at the beginning of the year. Given that the fund charges management fees of 1% based on the year end portfolio asset value, the NAV at the end of the year is $19.80 since 1% of $20 is $0.20. The fund then invests $2 million in a portfolio of stocks, in which the value increases by 18% at the end of the year. Using the formula for Rate of Return on Investments, the rate would still be 18%. Exercise 7: You purchased 1,000 shares in New Fund at a price of $20 per share at the start of the year. You paid an entry fee of 4%. The securities in which the fund invests have increased in value by 12% during the year. The fund has incurred expenses (including management fees) of 1.2% of its assets (on an average basis) during the year. What is your rate of return and actual gain if you sell your shares at the end of the year? The buyer has initially purchased a total of $20,000 in shares. Paying the 4% entry fee would cost him another $800. During the year, the fund has incurred expenses of 1.2% of its assets, which amounts to $240. At the end of the year, the securities that the fund invested in would increase by 12%, which would be equal to $22,400. The rate of return on investment would be 6.46% and the actual gain would be $1,360.

Castration Essay Example for Free

Castration Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Sexual assault and child molestation are a constant emergent problem in the United States today, the bigger issue is the fact that the pedophiles are being released from prison early due to overcrowding of the prison system. One such famous pedophile is David Wayne Jones, who was convicted of several different charges involving child molestation against more than 40 boys. Mr. Jones, who served only 15 years due toa plea agreement for those charges, underwent voluntary physical castration in lieu of hemical castration (Schmalleger, 2009). He was previously on medicine that was for chemical castration, or testosterone blocking medicine. This opens up the discussion for castration and if it is a viable option for sexual predators. Castration is best described as removing the reproductive organs of an individual to prevent virility Oennett & Blakemore, 2012). While in the past castration was only in the physical for, in todays society there are two types of castration, chemical and physical. Both hysical castration and chemical castration have the prospective to decrease the recidivism rates of sex offenders by lowering testosterone hormone levels, weaken sexual impulses, and making erotic urges more manageable if the sexual urges are encouraged by amplified testosterone hormone levels. Chemical castration is intended to be less invasive and a temporary fix, while physical castration is permanent. In relation to sexual predators, some see castration as an easy answer to an appalling and intricate problem. Given that the current penitentiary systems does not seem to be successfully functioning to decrease the rates of recidivism. It is even failing to be a deterrent to future sexual offenders. As with castration is supposed to lower the different hormones that are needed to become aroused, it is not always 100 percent. I believe that there are some cases where the Judge should have the option of surgical or chemical castration. I strongly believe that surgical and chemical castration should not be an option for first time offenders. If the Judge sentenced castration on a first time offender, how would that give the offender possibilities of rehabilitation. The statics show that majority of all sex offenders was once a victim of the same crime. While this does not mean let the offender get away with a crime because of their history, it basically means give the offender a chance to go through therapy. Also, I believe that all first time sex offenders should be mandated to take a psychiatric evaluation. This evaluation would distinguish a mental illness from a sick ndividual. As for second time offenders, I believe this should most definitely be an option for a Judge. After the first offense and having the resources of rehabilitation, the offender should have learned a lesson. Obviously, if it is a second offense, that shows the offender may not be able to control themselves or not care about the harm he is doing to others or the consequences of his actions. If the second time offender is sentenced to castration, I believe this offender should be eligible for early parole or early release. For the third time offenders, I believe there should be Justice served for this individual. A third time sex offender should be mandated to chemical and surgical castration when at their sentencing hearing. An offender who commits the Instead using castration as a method to release sex offenders because of the problem of overcrowding of the prison system; castration should be used as a punishment. If the prison system wants to reduce any offenders sentence due to overcrowding, it should be those offenders that have committed a non-sexual abuse offense. Castration. (2018, Oct 15).

Cultural Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cultural Critique - Essay Example Jihad (holy, or religious, war) is waged by the mujahideen (‘strugglers’ or Muslim fighters). Jihad is now commonly linked with terrorism Terrorism (anti-state, state-sponsored, religious, etc.) has existed in every nation, state and society in some form or the other (physical, emotional, psychological, economic, biological, etc.) since times immemorial. It is inherently latent in basic human nature, only it varies in degree and form from individual to individual and situation to situation. Terrorism can be traced back to the ‘Before Common Era’, a non-religious alternative to the use of BC in designating the first period of the Gregorian Calendar. According to Encyclop?dia Britannica Online, â€Å"The ancient Greek historian Xenophon (c. 431–c. 350 BC) wrote of the effectiveness of psychological warfare against enemy populations. Roman emperors such as Tiberius (reigned ad 14–37) and Caligula (reigned ad 37–41) used banishment, expropr iation of property, and execution as means to discourage opposition to their rule.† The thread of terrorism relentlessly stretched and â€Å"In the summer of a.d. ... nce by local whites in a campaign of terrorist violence that overthrew the reconstructionist governments in the American South and re-established segregation† (Bryant 2002) and in â€Å"1898, 10 September, Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria of Austria-Hungary (commonly called "Sisi") was stabbed to death by a young Italian anarchist named Luigi Lucheni, in Geneva† (New York Times 7). Terrorist and destructive activities have been perpetrated by almost every sect and culture, be they in the garb of the Crusades (One to Nine), activities of the Jewish Zealots known as Sicarii, anti-colonial conflict between Ireland and the UK, Algeria and France and Vietnam and France and the United States, conflict between national groups such as Palestinians and Israelis, fighting between religious denominations such as Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, internal conflicts between revolutionary forces and established governments such as the successor states of the former Yugoslavia , Indonesia, the Philippines, Nicaragua, El Salvador and Peru, fundamentalist religious ideological strifes such as ?amas and al-Qaeda, suicide bombing tactics by ?amas and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam, terrorist activities of the Japanese Red Army, Puerto Rican FALN, Palestine Liberation Organization, among others. It is amply evident that terrorism is not an exclusive trait of any particular socio-religious group, sect, nationality, etc. It is the manifestation of the frustrations of disgruntled maniacal or brainwashed minds which have been cunningly manipulated to serve the interests of terrorists in carrying out destructive acts. Terrorist has no face, persona, religion or morals. His only identity is terror. He is a misguided and misdirected, indeed mentally captivated, ‘victim’ primed for

What are the health issues faced by young asylum seekers in the uk and Essay

What are the health issues faced by young asylum seekers in the uk and what has the government put in place to improve these issues - Essay Example Various research studied conducted in the past have shown asylum seekers and refugees being maltreated by members of host countries, which in turn, may lead to psychological problems. I have conducted a content analysis study-gathering qualitative, quantitative and mixed method studies on the topic, specifically those which involved children, teenagers and adolescents based 0-24 years old. There were 6 qualitative studies, 1 quantitative study, and 1 mixed methodology study were gathered for the review. Social services and mental health services may correctly address the problematic areas that bother UASC while in the UK, one of which is dealing accordingly to language problems by getting translators or having information translated in the children’s native language. Most articles also suggested that clinicians and other institutions dealing with UASC must be aware of risk factors, since they have implications to children’s mental health. Early detection of highly distr essed UASC is needed so that interventions could be made right away. Should the government ignore this; the entire community of the host country will also suffer as a result. Asylum seekers, including children, show elevated levels of distress and psychiatric disorder trait to difficult experiences in particular constant post traumatic stress disorder (PSTD) depression, and anxiety (Patel and Hodes 2006). As a result of the traumatic experiences that these children go through, increases vulnerabilities to psychological disorders ( Papadopoulous et al, 2004). This is because they experience major up heals and long periods of instability once they enter into a foreign country. They might have witnessed killing and torture, sometimes of whom are family members. They are separated from their families, and in addition to this, they might have been subject to brutality themselves. All these events affect their psychological health and well-being. There is a correlation

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 19

Marketing - Essay Example The conclusion the authors draws through this article is that, all the contemporary organizations need to set their organizational culture and thereby define their corporate identity. This process will result in creating an optimal bridge between the internal working environment of the organization and the external environment like the marketplace and other relevant environments. So, by analyzing the authors’ perspectives about organizational culture, this synopsis will discuss the importance of common and workable organizational culture, for the effective functioning of organizations. Organization is a ‘structure’, in which ‘collage’ of workers will do their allocated work under the supervision of a leader. This team of workers like the five different fingers in one’s hand will be different from one another having different characters, attitudes, education, background etc, etc†¦and the unison of these different humans under a single organization to reach a target is, and will always be a difficult proposition. As these different humans could create a different organizational culture, the success rate will be minimal. But, according to the authors, if a perfect, feasible and importantly common organizational or working culture is ‘operationalised’, through out the organization, the organization will be a success story. And, the ‘script’ for this success story can only be scripted, by an effective leader or a manager. The statements and actions of the managers simultaneously affect the image and identi ty of the organization (Hatch & Schultz, 1997). One of the important first tasks of a leader in an organization (both in a new organization and in an existing organization) is the creation of a Culture. The authors Hatch and Schultz, points out that the creation of an organizational culture is a complex process in which the organisations’ personalities, identities and images should play a major role

Management and Marketing Strategies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Management and Marketing Strategies - Case Study Example In this regard, Sunhuan Holdings LTD is a construction company in Singapore that deserves to be considered for the award given their exemplary management and marketing strategies performance and their great contribution in the economic growth of the country. Sunhuan Holdings LTD Business Model, Productivity, and Innovation Viability and Sustainability of the Business Model Sunhuan Construction Company in Singapore has demonstrates high-level viability coupled with sustainability of their business in the competitive industry. The industry throughout its existence has demonstrated the need to satisfy the needs of their customers in the most sustainable ways possible, for instance, the company has shown flexibility and adaptability in satisfying the diverse demands of their customers to the extent of changing their models over time. Currently, the company has complied with all the standardizations that are required to be complied with by the construction companies in Singapore, in their QEHS policy, the company pledges to be provide within budget and time quality services and products to their customers. Furthermore, the company has shown sheer commitment in satisfying the needs of their customers by availing to them different tastes of constructions that has perfectly fit into the demands of the customers. There have also been several architectural designs that the company has been providing to the clients because of their investment in the designs and structural organization of building that has shown more clients opting for the company. Additionally, the construction company does provide for all kinds of buildings, they have shown specialization to all requirements of the customers from offices to residential buildings, besides this, the company has adopted the contemporary building requirements that requires buildings to be sustainable in their own . They have fully complied with the green building requirements and some of the aspects that are considered by th e company when doing their construction in pursuit of sustainability includes; enabling the house to use natural lights thus avoiding extra use of power during the day. The houses build by the company are designed such they are able to utilize natural light during the day and there is no need lighting, their also water conservation by the buildings that are constructed by the company, the water that is harvested by the buildings constructed by the company can be used for irrigating the nearby surroundings. The buildings constructed by the company are thus mindful of the cost that should be incurred while operating in the buildings, the occupants thus finds their construction economical for use. The kind of flexibility and adaptability that has been established by the company makes them to be way ahead of other companies in coping with the economic needs of their customers and they are worth being considered for the award. Plans to Expand, Improve, and Adapt the Current Business Mode l Concerning the Sunhan Construction Company plans for expansion, they have projected to engage in building construction in most of the countries around the world. The company has decided to go global and be an international company in

Avon Products Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Avon Products - Case Study Example The company faced a challenge of flattening revenues and even declining operating income. There were many factors that led to this decline, one of the issues was that the company had grown at a faster proportion than the infrastructure and talent could hold. This called for an immediate intervention to save the company from collapsing. The current CEO who was known as Jung and the executive team launched a basic restructuring of the organization in starting of 2006 (Effron, 2009). Question two Leaning and transparency model was one that was targeted to bring change in the organization. For an organization to bring in change, one of the ways to ensure that change does not impact negatively to the organization is through training of employees. By doing so, employees are able to learn new tactics to use in order to integrate with the new change. In addition, employees are able to acquire skills to enable them to cope with the new requirements of the change. The company investment in exe cutive talent is one way of implementing learning model. The company planned to refurnish new talents as a way of ensuring that the company keeps up with the latest growth of the company. The employee’s new knowledge was also to be used as a model of ensuring that they are able to sustain the current growth of the company. ... The company aim to transform the organization through establishing bodies that would oversee transparency process is another example that assisted me to identify the model. The company aim of changing the top management behavior through teaching them on how to maintain a good image of the company is an aspect that is in learning and transformation model. The company also went ahead to recognize every personnel behavior as critical to the overall success of the business. These transformations were supported by performance reviews that were aimed at keeping an eye on the individual performance (Harris, & Hartman 2001). Question three One of the evaluation information that was obtained is that there is a need to create an efficient communication channel which will ensure that organizations processes are carried out in an efficient manner (Zofi, (2011). Communication plays a great role in tackling problems that might affect the organization. Efficient communication also ensures that ther e is a good relationship between leaders and their subordinates. In addition, communication plays a great role in enabling the organization to solve any issue that might affect the organization performance. This evaluation problem was to ensure that poor communication was eradicated and leaders implement policies that would enable the top management and low ranked employees to communicate frequently an aspect that would positively impact on the performance of the employees. Lastly communication would enable leaders to assess the talent of their employees. This is an important move in ensuring that categorization of talents in the organization is done appropriately (Harris, & Hartman 2001).

Application to Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Application to - Personal Statement Example I attended my high school education at Olympiad Junior high school where my mathematics journey started. During my high school experience, I got the first prize after emerging the winner in the National Mathematics of Olympiad Competition. Since then, I have grown up to realize that mathematics is not only theorems or forums but it has taught me how to think in a logical process. After my high school education, I joined China Agricultural University for a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering in agriculture. It took me two years and two months between May two thousand and eight and July two thousand and ten. In the course of this time, I received a scholarship for an outstanding student. I managed to learn a lot in mathematics during my first two years of study in agricultural engineering. It is the same time I began to learn how to apply mathematics in life. For example, the power of math in solving engineering problems and the basic terminologies, logarithms and theorems he lped in building up my solid foundation. Finance is always my interest, which goes in, the same line with mathematics. For me, finance alongside mathematics is a tool for making money from money. I got this knowledge from my parents who have heavily invested in the stock market. They helped me to invest my pocket money by which I was able to win my first profit at the age of eighteen years. Due to my passion in mathematics, I transferred from China to United States since I wanted to pursue the best educational resource in the world. The other reason why I transferred is that I wanted to major in mathematics, which was not available at China Agricultural University. China and United States experience different climatic conditions and culture. I was able to cope up quickly with the new destination because of my resilience. I have worked in several institutions that deal with computation skills. In Washington DC, I worked with HIS Global

Avon Products Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Avon Products - Case Study Example The company faced a challenge of flattening revenues and even declining operating income. There were many factors that led to this decline, one of the issues was that the company had grown at a faster proportion than the infrastructure and talent could hold. This called for an immediate intervention to save the company from collapsing. The current CEO who was known as Jung and the executive team launched a basic restructuring of the organization in starting of 2006 (Effron, 2009). Question two Leaning and transparency model was one that was targeted to bring change in the organization. For an organization to bring in change, one of the ways to ensure that change does not impact negatively to the organization is through training of employees. By doing so, employees are able to learn new tactics to use in order to integrate with the new change. In addition, employees are able to acquire skills to enable them to cope with the new requirements of the change. The company investment in exe cutive talent is one way of implementing learning model. The company planned to refurnish new talents as a way of ensuring that the company keeps up with the latest growth of the company. The employee’s new knowledge was also to be used as a model of ensuring that they are able to sustain the current growth of the company. ... The company aim to transform the organization through establishing bodies that would oversee transparency process is another example that assisted me to identify the model. The company aim of changing the top management behavior through teaching them on how to maintain a good image of the company is an aspect that is in learning and transformation model. The company also went ahead to recognize every personnel behavior as critical to the overall success of the business. These transformations were supported by performance reviews that were aimed at keeping an eye on the individual performance (Harris, & Hartman 2001). Question three One of the evaluation information that was obtained is that there is a need to create an efficient communication channel which will ensure that organizations processes are carried out in an efficient manner (Zofi, (2011). Communication plays a great role in tackling problems that might affect the organization. Efficient communication also ensures that ther e is a good relationship between leaders and their subordinates. In addition, communication plays a great role in enabling the organization to solve any issue that might affect the organization performance. This evaluation problem was to ensure that poor communication was eradicated and leaders implement policies that would enable the top management and low ranked employees to communicate frequently an aspect that would positively impact on the performance of the employees. Lastly communication would enable leaders to assess the talent of their employees. This is an important move in ensuring that categorization of talents in the organization is done appropriately (Harris, & Hartman 2001).

Favorite Brand Paper Essay Example for Free

Favorite Brand Paper Essay Sony is one of the leading if not leading technology Corporation within the technical business world today. This organization headquarters can be found in Tokyo, Japan. Sony business is focus on electronics, entertainment, and gaming systems, and it also has a financial service sector. The Sony organization mainly focus on electronics such as video games, and TV networking. With these elements it makes Sony a premier organization that deals with consumer satisfaction, and gives them a comprehensive identity within the technology industry. This corporation has many different brands to offer to the public. Yet, only one stands out in my opinion, and thats the PlayStation 4. The PlayStation gaming system has been around for many years. Now in there are plenty of features that stands out. The price is one of the most interesting factors. Sony has dropped the price in the early stage of the PlayStation 4 to affordable price of $299.00. Making its a affordable gaming console that offers a wide range of different games. Another reason why I enjoy this gaming console it offers a built in wifi system with no extra cost. Other features that makes this brand stand out is the graphics and design of the console. With any type of computer like system the heart of it is the  central processing unit. This feature gives the PlayStation 4 an excellent graphic experience that causes individual to fall in love with its system. The gaming console controller is featured with gripped handles and easy to understand movements of the controls. Sony Corporation has established an excellent long-term connection with consumers worldwide. This organization is known for offering credit to loyal consumers across the board. By giving discounts as well as payback procedures. Sony risk management is one of the key reasons why their growth is superior within their industry. By developing consumer surveys that help enhance their product, and shows their loyalty by taking in account consumers opinions. In using this strategy Sony has now discover that consumers have a exceedingly high expectation when it comes to quality, the value of their money. Therefore, Sony gives a complete effort to make  consumers satisfied with their experiences using their products. The new Playstation 4 has a share of competition such as the Xbox 360 as well as his counterpart the Xbox One and as well is the Nintendo. In order to be competitive sony has to have compassion dealing with consumers by being compassionate with their prices. Microsoft gaming consoles are expensive at price of $100 more then the PlayStation 4. The other brands or somewhat cheaper but does not have the design and graphics the PlayStation 4 has such as the Nintendo. This gaming system has different devices, and they are very cheap with a price tag of $114.00 to $200.00. This is another japanese made product, but does not have the features as the PlayStation 4. Offering only the basic gaming experience. Another factor that makes the Sony brand stand out is that it offers an elite online gaming thats free. The Xbox 360 in the Xbox One has an annual price they charge for their online games, and individuals limited to games, as for the Nintendo it does not offer these feature. Individuals as well can play Blu Ray high definition DVDs on their Playstation 4. The competition is limited in this category offering only the basic views  dealing with DVDs high definition games. With all these elements concerning the gaming industry. PlayStation 4 continue to outsell its competition. Which is the Xbox One as well is the Xbox 360 and the Nintendo. In turn makes it the number one gaming console worldwide. Sony has committed to cultivating its gaming system for the next generation to enjoy the product. Sony PlayStation 4 has no pressure with it status in the gaming industry with it significant prices, and design. With gives reasoning to buy the console. Therefore, marketing is all about identify as well as being committed to consumers needs. I have the pleasure of stating that this organization have successfully built a market that is loyal to their customers. Sony has alway created dissimilar products that allows them to build capital and become a leader within their respective industry. By working internally dealing with each divisional labor department to ensure correct research training as well as planning their marketing mix to serve the global community. Reference www.1 to 1 media.com/view.aspx?itemid=30928 www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2014/06/13/the-5-best-reason-to-buy-ps4/ http://www.playstation.com/en-us.

Possibility Of Travelling Through Wormholes In Space Time Philosophy Essay

Possibility Of Travelling Through Wormholes In Space Time Philosophy Essay Wormhole is a tunnel connecting two different points in space time. It is also known as Einstein-Rosen bridge (1935). The objective of this study is to investigate is it possible to travel through the wormholes. 1 Introduction Wormhole(named by John Wheeler,physicist,1955) is the hypothetical tunnel connecting two different points in spacetime in such a way that a trip through the wormhole could take much less time. The spacetime tunnel is also known as Einstein-Rosen bridge (Einstein and Nathan Rosen,1935) Wormholes can be found in earth, but is a billion-trillion-trillionths of a centimeter across Hawking(2010), so it cannot be seen by humans naked eye. Travelling through wormhole or time machine can make human life to be more simple and interesting. The purpose of this study is to investigate the method that lead to building a time machine and travelling wormholes. 2 Literature Review 2.1 Definition Wormhole is a hypothetical tunnel which connects two different points in such a way that a trip through the wormhole could take much less time than a journey between the same starting and ending points in normal space in space time. Wormholes can allow matter, energy, and information to travel to a distant point without passing through the space between the two points effectively circumventing the light speed barrier that prevents it travels faster than light through normal space. Wormholes are actually the natural part of the fabric of space-time or the quantum foam. These natural wormholes are very small and short lived which the light cannot even pass through them. They are a popular feature of science fiction as they allow interstellar travel within human timescales. 2.2 History The mathematician Riemann (1845), who is the first formulated higher-dimensional geometry and also the one who first discusses wormholes. Riemann cuts (Riemanns Wormholes) are connections between spaces (multiply connected spaces) with zero length. Then, Einstein and his collaborator Rosen (Einstein-Rosen bridges ,1935) describe the relativistic of black holes requires wormholes at their center which seem to connect the center of a black hole with a mirror universe on the other side of space time. However, due to the center of a black hole singularity, wormhole could not be traversed as the point of infinite space time curvature where the gravity would also be infinite and all matter would be crushed to its most fundamental constituents. In additional, to travel through the wormhole would require motion faster than the speed of light which is a physical impossibility. 2.3 How is wormholes form Wormholes are considered possible based on (Einsteins theory of relativity, 1916), who states that, any mass curves space time. To understand this curvature, think about two people holding a bed sheet up and stretching that sheet tightly. If one person is to place a baseball on the bed sheet, the weight of the baseball would roll to the middle of the sheet and causes the sheet to curve at that point similar if a marble were placed on the edge of the same bed sheet, it would travel toward the baseball because of the curve. In this example, space is depicted as a two-dimensional plane rather than the four dimensions which actually make up space time. Imagine that is the sheet is folded over and leaving a space between the top and bottom. If place the baseball on the top side will form a curvature. If an equal mass is placed on the bottom part of the sheet at a point that corresponds with the location of the baseball on the top, the second mass would eventually meet with the baseball. This is similar to how wormholes might form. In space, masses that place pressure on different parts of the universe could eventually come together to form a tunnel which is a wormhole. We could travel from Earth to another galaxy and return back relatively quickly within a lifetime. 3 Finding and Discussion 3.1 Wormholes exist in our earth According to Stephen Hawking( physicist and cosmologist), everyone knows that all physical object has three dimensions, they are length, width and height. But, there is another type of length that is length in time. Everything has length in time including space. Travelling in time means travelling through this fourth dimension. By imagine of doing a car travel, drove in a straight line and travelling in one dimension, then turn right or left and this is already adding the second dimension. After that, by driving up or down is actually adding the third dimension, height. So, this is the three dimensions. The fourth dimension is by travelling in time. There is a concept of making the time machine to travel through the fourth dimension. Nothing is flat or solid. If by looking closely at anything, holes and wrinkles can be found. It is a very basic principle even applies to time. Even something as smooth as a pool ball has tiny crevices, wrinkles, and voids. Same as the fourth dimension, there are tiny crevices, wrinkles and voids in time. Down at the smallest of scales, smaller even than molecules or atoms, this is so called quantum foam. This is where wormholes exist. Tiny tunnels through space and time constantly form, disappear, and reform within this quantum world. They actually link two separate places and two different times. These real-life time tunnels are just a billion-trillion-trillionths of a centimeter across. It is too small for human to pass through. Some scientists think that is possible to capture the wormholes and enlarge it by using enough power and advanced technology. Wormholes will happened just like sound system but only radiation instead of sound. Sound enters the microphone. Its transmitted along the wires, made louder by the amplifier, and comes out at the speakers. 3.2 The leading of making time machine According to Albert Einstein, He realized that there should be places where time slows down, and others where time speeds up. The proof is in the space. One of the example is GPS, Global Positioning System. The heavier the object, the more it drags on time. A super-massive black hole is a time machine. It is a heaviest object in the galaxy. It wont destroy itself in a flash of feedback. But its pretty dangerous. Its a long way away and it doesnt even take us very far into the future. Fortunately there is another way to travel in time. And this represents our last and best hope of building a real time machine. Hawking (2010) said that theres a cosmic limit of speed that is speed of light. But travelling by a speed near to the speed of light will brings you to the future. For example, the science-fiction transportation system. Imagine a track which goes right round the earth, a track for superfast train. Use this imaginary train to get as close as possible to the speed of light and see how it becomes a time machine. On board are passengers with a one-way ticket to the future. The train begins to accelerate, faster and faster. Soon, its circling the Earth over and over again. To reach the speed of light and cycling around the earth consider very fast and is 7 times per second. However, no matter how much power the train has, it can never quite reach the speed of light, since the laws of physics forbid it. Instead, lets say the speed gets close, Time starts flowing slowly on board relative to the rest of the world, just like near the black hole. Everything on the train is in slow motion. Imag ine that the train left the station on January 1, 2050. It circles Earth over and over again for 100 years before finally coming to a halt on New Years Day, 2150. The passengers will have only lived one week because time is slowed down that much inside the train. When they got out theyd find a very diffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœerent world from the one theyd left. In one week theyd have travelled 100 years into the future. Of course, building a train that could reach such a speed is quite impossible. But we have built something very like the train at the worlds largest particle accelerator at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. Deep underground, in a circular tunnel 16 miles long, is a stream of trillions of tiny particles. When the power is turned on, they accelerate from zero to 60,000mph in a fraction of a second. Increase the power and the particles go faster and faster, until theyre whizzing around the tunnel 11,000 times a second, which is almost the speed of light. But just like the train, they never quite reach that ultimate speed. They can only get to 99.99 per cent of the limit. When that happens, they are starting to travel in time. This because of some extremely short-lived particles, called pi-mesons. Ordinarily, they disintegrate after just 25 billionths of a second. But when they are accelerated near to light speed they last 30 times longer. 3.3 Warp drive engine Two physicists (Cleaver,G.B and Obousy,R ) from Baylor University (Waco, Texas) have outlined an engine on how to travel faster than light which is also called warp drive could be created that would bend but not break the laws of physics. The warp engine is based on a design by Alcubierre (1994), known as Alcubierre drive which involves the fabric expansion of space behind a ship into a bubble and shrinking space-time in front of the ship. The ship would rest in between the expanding and shrinking space-time, essentially surfing down the side of the bubble. In addition, the tricky part is that the space itself would move underneath the stationary spacecraft but the ship would not actually move. The beam of light that far from the ship would left behind but the beam of light next to the ship would zoom away. This means that the ship would arrive at its destination faster than a beam of light by traveling the same distance. However, without violating Einsteins relativity (Einstein,A.1916) which says that it would take an infinite amount of energy to accelerate an object with mass to the speed of light, since the ship itself actually is not moving. 3.4 11th dimension Moreover, Cleaver and Obousy who are the other coauthor have manipulate the 11th dimension which is a special theoretical construct of m-theory (the offspring of string theory) to create the bubble and the ship would surf down. The bubble of dark energy could be created if the 11th dimension could be shrunk behind the ship. Hence, the same dark energy would cause the universe to speed up as time goes on. Thus, by expanding the 11th dimension in front of the ship would eventually cause it to decrease although two separate steps are required. At the end, how is the 11th dimension would be expanded and shrunk is still unknown. All the scientists still work hard for this. If there are extra dimensions and we could manipulate them, that would open up all sorts of exciting possibilities(Tufts University theoretical physicist Lawrence Ford). 3.5 Overcoming a wormholes instability with negative energy The main problem by using wormholes to travel in space or time is that they are inherently unstable. It would create fluctuations that cause the structure to collapse in upon itself when a particle enters a wormhole. There are theories (Thorne,1994) describe that a wormhole could be held open by some form of negative energy which represents a case where the energy density in space is actually negative. Therefore, sufficient quantity of negative energy might continue to hold the wormhole open while objects pass through it. This would be an absolute necessity to allow a wormhole to become a time portal. However, scientists lack a real understanding on how to get enough negative energy together, and most scientists think it is an impossible task. 3.6 Relativity of dark energy and negative energy In some models which are highly contrived, it may be possible to relate dark energy and negative energy because both of it exhibit a form of repulsive gravity even though dark energy is a positive energy. However, the good news is that our universe appears to have dark energy in abundance, but it is looks like the dark energy is distributed throughout the universe. There is no guarantee that stable wormholes can occur although String theory (Veneziano,1970) can provide potential sources of negative energy. Therefore, to find any way to store negative energy and use it to sustain a wormholes stability is far beyond current technology or maybe it is an impossible task. 4 Conclusion Wormhole is a hypothetical tunnel which allows everything to pass through without passing through the space between starting point and ending point. The wormholes may formed by allowing human to travel from Earth to another galaxy and return back relatively quickly within a lifetime. To travel through the wormhole, it must be travel faster than light. A Warp Drive Engine is outlined and based on a design by Alcubierre (1994), on how to travel faster than light. To overcome wormholes instability, it required negative energy but there is no guarantee that a stable wormholes can be occur even though String theory can provide potential sources of negative energy. According to Hawking (2010), wormhole is exists in the earth and it is possible to travel through . Number of words:2150 words

Breast-Feeding: Just Do It! :: Breast-Feeding Essays

Breast-Feeding: Just Do It! Who is to say that breast-feeding is the best for your baby. For years, breast-feeding tactics have been used as the best way to feed your infant. There was never any debate as to how you should feed your child, until a few years ago when artificial baby formulas were made. Now, researches have set out to figure out which way is the best for your baby. Studies upon studies have been done in search of the answer. Finally it was proven that breast-feeding, the natural way, was superior over artificial formulas. Breast-feeding is the all-natural process in which young infants get the nutritional intake that they need to survive, grow, and develop. Researchers have established that breast milk is perfectly suited to nourish infants and protect them from illness. Breast fed infants have lower rates of hospital admissions, ear infections, diarrhea, rashes, allergies, and other medical problems than bottle-fed babies (Williams). Human mothers produce many nutrients that cannot be found in formulas. The female body was made by Mother Nature to ensure the survival of mankind. "There are 4,000 species of mammals, and they all make different milk. Human milk is made for human infants and it meets all their specific nutrient needs," said Ruth Lawrence, M.D.,professor of pediatrics and obstetrics at the University of Rochester School of Medicine in Rochester, N.Y., and spokeswoman for the American Academy of Pediatrics(Williams,p.1). Breast milk is one of the few substances that is completely sterile. It is made from inside the body and no environmental factors play a role in this process(Correa,1999). From the beginning of nursing, the infant receives and important body element called colostrum(Maher,1998). The word colostrum was derived from the bacteria know as Colostridium difficile. This microbe produces a toxin that bind to walls of the body causing diarrhea or swelling of the colon. Immunoglobulins, found in colostrum, coat the exterior walls and resist the binding of the microbes(Travis,322). Colostrum also stimulates substances in the body to promote gut maturation, facilitate digestion, and stimulate passage of meconium. Colostrum is extremely concentrated with the proteins that make up immunoglobulins and secretory IgA. IgA is the maternal-specific immunogobulins that are needed for protection against environmental antigens. These substances produced by the human breast can easily be absorbed by the human infant. Complete development of the brain and nerve tissue rely on these substances(Maher,1998).

Justice :: essays research papers

Justice Should the strong be required to support the weak? How does society "distribute" wealth among its members? These are the questions. There are three basic sides to this issue. The permissive system entitles individuals to a subsistence income supply for existing as a human. The puritan system requires that people at least be willing to contribute to society in order to receive a subsistence income. Finally, the Individual view holds the property rights of the individual to be sacred: no one may forcibly deprive him of his goods. I will argue for the last alternative. Individualism is an extension of Locke's idea of property rights. An Individualist believes each person owns his own life, the fruits of his labor, and his property. No one may deprive him of these property rights. He is free to act as long as his actions do not interfere with the property rights of others. At this point it is important to define what money is. Money is an exchange of value. Money has value because it represent labor, or value, one has created but not yet used. Money in my pocket is what I have created but not yet consumed. Money is not a natural resource; it does not grow on trees. Men can make money by their physical or mental labor. Do I not, then, have full claim to my earnings? If A discovers a cure for AIDS; it surely was not solely a product of A. Society's framework made the discovery possible: A had to build on previous knowledge; she had to use a laboratory she probably did not own. All of these factors make society a partner in the discovery. Therefore, she does not have the right to all of the benefits of her discovery; she must give up some of her benefits to society at large. It is true that A did not personally create every piece of equipment she used to make the discovery; however, the point missed by in this situation is that property is held by individuals, and A had to exchange value in the form of money to buy or rent the equipment she used. The owners have already been paid for the use of their equipment. Business agreements occur between individuals; there is no entity, "society," that handed her a gift. If A were to have to pay more to "society," then she would, in effect, be paying twice. If a permissivist responds with "but she will get rich selling the cure for a high price while thousands are dying," there are basically two responses.

Marketing and Buying Decision

Principles of Marketing Principles of Marketing 2012 Name: Robert Barnes Student Number: 21154021 Institution: University of West London Word count: 1455 2012 Name: Robert Barnes Student Number: 21154021 Institution: University of West London Word count: 1455 Table of Contents 1. 0 Introduction2 2. 0 Question 1 3 2. 1 Personality 3 2. 2 Motivation6 2. 3 Conflict6 3. 0 Question 2 8 Bibliography9 1. 0 Introduction The case study I have chosen to cover is â€Å"Breezing out for a night on the tiles†. It discusses the rise of the premium pre-mixed drinks industry between 1995-2000, in particular the Bacardi Breezer brand.It looks at the marketing activity which has taken place and the brand association the marketers aimed to achieve. In this report I will be exploring the buying process involved when purchasing an alcoholic beverage, the influencing factors when making a decision and the role that marketing plays, in these decisions. The definition of marketing is â€Å"The manag ement process which identifies anticipates and supplies customer requirements efficiently and profitably. † Adrian Palmer 2004 Personality noun (plural personalities)The coon of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character: – Oxford Dictionary 2012 ENTJ Frank, decisive, assume leadership readily. Quickly see illogical and inefficient procedures and policies, develop and implement comprehensive systems to solve organisational problems. Enjoy long-term planning and goal setting. Usually well informed, well read, enjoy expanding their knowledge and passing it on to others. Forceful in presenting their ideas. – Introduction to Type, Sixth Edition by Isabel Briggs-Myers 1998 2. 0 Question 1Q. Give an overview of how the buying decision-making process might work for purchasing an alcoholic drink in a pub or club. How would this differ when purchasing alcohol in a supermarket or off licence? A. The Theory To answer this question we first need to look at the theories in marketing associated to the buying process, influences and behaviours. Diagram 2. 0 is the structure of the buying process based on the â€Å"Cognitive Paradigm† theory (Pickton and Broderick 2001) which focuses on the individuals thought process, during a buying decision.It assumes that the buying decision is approached as a problem solving activity and that the consumer is being rational throughout the process. It is widely used as the default theory by marketers and sales professionals when structuring campaigns. It does not however accurately describe the process that occurs during extreme impulse or irrational purchases, which are both, almost intangible processes. For the purpose of this exercise, we will assume that the responsible purchase of alcohol is approached, both rationally and thoughtfully. Diagram 2. 0 – The Buying Process. Source: Marketing Communications, by John Egan. 2007) Step 1 of the process is the â€Å"P roblem Recognition†. This is the identification of a need, such as â€Å"I am hungry, therefore I need to eat†. It can however be very complex and the consumer may require education or informing before recognising a problem exists, such as a dentist telling you, you need a filling, even though you hadn’t felt any pain in that tooth. Marketers can exploit this step by feeding information to consumers for goods and services, they hadn’t realised they needed. Step 2 of the process is the â€Å"Information Search†.This is when an individual has identified a need but may need to research to find the right solution. For example, if a student identifies a need for a computer, but has a limited budget, he or she might research information to identify the best option for the budget they have. This step can skipped if the consumer has enough knowledge, regarding the possible solutions. Step 3 of the process is â€Å"Evaluation†. This is when more than one option is available to solve the identified need, and the consumer wants to experience these before purchasing. An example would be someone test driving multiple cars before purchasing one.Effectively they will all satisfy the same need, but the consumer wants to know what the experience is, before making the decision. This step can skipped if the consumer has previous experience or is happy with a certain product or service beforehand. Step 4 of the process is â€Å"Decision†. This is simply the final choose for a solution to the identified need, after weighing up all options. Again, a consumer can move directly to this step from â€Å"Problem Recognition† if enough prior knowledge exists. Step 5 of the process is â€Å"Purchase†. This is when the decision is executed and the goods or services are acquired.Step 6 of the process is â€Å"Post-Purchase Evaluation†. This is when you access you satisfaction with your product or service after you have acq uired it. If a great experience is had, it will lead to a higher likelihood that you will purchase that product or service again. Applying the theory Table 2. 0 is an application of the above theory, for an individual going through the buying process at both a club and supermarket. Buying Process Step| Nightclub or Pub| Supermarket| Problem Recognition| * A want to let loose. * A need for confidence. * A desire to fit in or stand-out. An aspiration to impress. | * Alcohol for cooking. * Thoughts of a night in. * A desire to relax and unwind. * Drinks for guests and friends. * Cheap drinks before going out. | Information Search| * Advertisement around the club. * Bottles behind the bar. * Drink & cocktail menus. * What others are drinking. * Peer and/or social pressure. | * The label on the bottle. * Prices and special offers. * Staff knowledge. | Evaluation| * Tasting a friends drink. * Design of the bottle. * Recognition of a brand. | * Description on label. * Design and quality of bottle. Alcohol percentage. * Brand recognition. | Decision| * Information processed and decision made. | * Information processed and decision made. | Purchase| * Majority of exchanges in cash. | * Majority of exchanges by credit card. | Post-Purchase Evaluation| * Did that get me drunk? * Did I like the taste? * Do I want another one? * Did it give me a hangover? | * Did I like the taste? * Was it good value? * Will I buy it again? * Did it get me to the desired level of drunkenness? | Table 2. 0 – The Buying Process of Alcohol in Different Environments.What this application of theory shows, is that there are different factors in play when buying alcohol in a club or pub compared to a supermarket, but the process remains the same. These factors are different mostly due to the environment, information availability, the individual’s intent and marketing strategies. If selling a drink in a club or pub it is more important for your drink to be seen as â€Å"cool† socially and price is less of a factor whereas if selling in a supermarket, your drink needs to be competitively priced yet still demonstrate a level of quality. 3. 0 Question 2 Q.Detail the individual and group influences that are likely to affect someone’s choice of drink brand? A. The Theory Diagram 3. 0 demonstrates the individual and group influencing factors when making a buying decision. Diagram 2. 1 – Factors affecting buying decisions. (Source: Marketing Communications, by John Egan. 2007) Our strongest influences when making a buying decision are our internal beliefs and values. These include Attitude, Perception, Learning, Memory and Motivation. The next in terms of influencing power are Primary Groups. Primary groups are made up of close friends, family and people who you respect.You are affected by these groups by the opinions and values they hold. The next group in terms of influencing power is the Secondary Group. This group is made up of people you know but not closely, or people who you may aspire to be like. Lastly there are influences depending on your Culture, Race or Religion, that will affect your decision when buying something. There are also External factors that include things that are beyond your control, such as Fashion, Law, Time ect. So how do these factors affect someone when buying an alcoholic drink?Well if I was out with my family, I would be unlikely to order shots, as they would not approve, whereas if I was out with close friends, then this would be the opposite. The secondary group has the same effect, but is less powerful in its influence. 4. 0 Question 3 Q. Explain the roles of the various marketing activities described in this case in influencing consumer behaviour. A. In 2000 Bacardi spent ? 14m on a campaign to promote their brand â€Å"Bacardi Breezer†. The reason to do this is to influence people decisions when making a buying decision. Bacardi’s first large campaign was in 1999 when they spent ? 5. 6m.The campaign was headlined with the slogan â€Å"there’s Latin spirit in everyone† aimed at the 18-24 year old market. This campaign was created to give the brand an exotic, cool to be seen drinking appeal and was aimed at the demographic that would most likely be drinking in an environment where these factors we important in their buying decision. This campaign established Bacardi Breezer as one of the major players in the alco-pop industry. Bibliography * John Martin, 2010. Organizational Behaviour & Management. 4th Revised edition Edition. South Western Educational Publishing. * John Martin, 2004. Organizational Behaviour And Management. Edition. Thomson Learning. * Laurie J. Mullins, 2006. Essentials of Management and Organisational Behaviour. Edition. FT Press. * Isabel Briggs Myers, 1998. Introduction to Type: A Guide to Understanding Your Results on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. 6th Edition. Center for Applications of. * Adrian Furnham, 2008. Pe rsonality and Intelligence at Work: Exploring and Explaining Individual Differences at Work. 1 Edition. Routledge. * Stephen P. Robins, 2010. Organizational Behaviour. 1 Edition. Pearson Books. * John Ivancevich, 2010. Organizational Behavior and Management. 9 Edition. McGraw-Hill/Irwin